imikhiqizo

Insimu yezithelo enezikhala ezincane, isembozo semifino ukuvikela izinambuzane
Ukukhetha inetha lezinambuzane:
Njengohlobo olusha lwezinto zokumboza zezolimo, inethi yokuvikela izinambuzane ivamise ukutholakala ku-25, 30, 40, 50, 60 mesh nokunye okucacisiwe okuvame ukusetshenziswa, futhi umbala uhlukaniswe waba mhlophe, silver-gray, njll.
Ukucaciswa kwenethi lezinambuzane kufanele kunqunywe ngokwenhloso yokusetshenziswa, njengokuvimbela izinambuzane noma ukuvimbela isithwathwa, ukuvimbela ukuwa kwezithelo kanye nokuvimbela imvula.
Ngokujwayelekile khetha inethi yezinambuzane ezimhlophe ezingama-40.Uma isetshenziselwa ukuzalanisa izithombo ezingenabo ubuthi, kungakhethwa ama-meshes angama-60 ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlukaniswa nokulawulwa kwezinambuzane ze-virus kanye nezinambuzane ezidlulisa amagciwane njengama-psyllids nama-aphid.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokumboza inetha lezinambuzane:
1. Vimbela izinto eziphilayo zangaphandle
Ngokobukhulu bembobo yawo, amanetha ezinambuzane avimba izinto eziphilayo zangaphandle angaba nendima ebalulekile ekuvimbeni izinambuzane, izinyoni namagundane alimaza izitshalo.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngenxa yezinguquko ezinhlelweni zokutshala nokulima, ukuvuselelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, izinhlobo, ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokulimala kwezinambuzane ezisawolintshi nakho kuye kwaba nezinguquko ezihambisanayo.Kukhona futhi izibungu, izinambuzane ze-scale, izimpukane, ama-aphid kanye nabavukuzi bamaqabunga.Eminyakeni yakamuva, umonakalo odalwe yi-canker ezindaweni zokukhiqiza eziseningizimu ubonise ukukhuphuka kancane.
Ubuchwepheshe bokumboza inetha elivikela izinambuzane kungenye yezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuqalisa izithombo ezinganamagciwane ze-citrus nezinye izihlahla zezithelo.Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuvimbela ukwenzeka nokusabalala kwezinambuzane ezinobuthi njenge-citrus aphid kanye ne-citrus psyllids, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okuphephile kwezithombo ezingenamagciwane zezihlahla zezithelo.Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi ngaphansi kwesimo samanetha angu-40 okulawula izinambuzane, inani lama-psyllids, izicabucabu ezibomvu nabavukuzi bamaqabunga endlini enetha lincane kakhulu kunalelo elingaphandle, okubonisa ukuthi inetha lokulawula izinambuzane lingasetshenziswa njengendlela ephumelelayo ukunciphisa izinambuzane.Inani lezinambuzane ezisawolintshi.
Umphumela wokuvimbela izifo wenethi lezinambuzane ubonakala ikakhulukazi ekuhlukaniseni imizila yokudlulisela amagciwane, imizila yokukhiqiza izidakamizwa nezindlela ezihlasela izinambuzane ezinobuthi, ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjwe ngempumelelo futhi kunciphise ukuvela nokulimala kwezinambuzane ezindala.Ngokwezinga elithile, kungavimbela ukwenzeka kwezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nesikhunta (njenge-anthracnose).I-Canker isifo esithathelwanayo sesibili esivame kakhulu ekulinyweni kwe-citrus ngemva kwe-Huanglongbing.Izindlela eziyinhloko zokutheleleka umoya, imvula, abantu nezinambuzane.Njengesikhala esizimele ngokuqhathaniswa, inetha lokulawula izinambuzane aligcini nje ngokunciphisa ngempumelelo imvamisa yokudluliselwa kokwenziwa, kodwa futhi linciphisa kakhulu ukusakazeka kwe-canker ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa komzila oyinhloko wokudlulisela ukuhlasela kwezinambuzane ezindala ezisakaza amagciwane.Ukuhlolwa kokuqhathanisa phakathi kwenethi nendawo evulekile kukhombisa ukuthi izehlakalo zesifo somdlavuza zihluka ngaphezu kwama-80% phakathi kwezithelo ezisawolintshi ezitshalwe ngenethi yezinambuzane kanye nendawo yokulawula evulekile ngaphandle kwenethi yezinambuzane.
2. Thuthukisa izinga lokushisa nokukhanya kunethiwekhi
Ukumboza inetha lezinambuzane kunganciphisa amandla okukhanya, kulungise izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi kanye nezinga lokushisa lomoya kanye nomswakama, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kunganciphisa imvula ekamelweni lenetha, kunciphise ukuhwamuka kwamanzi egumbini elinetha, futhi kunciphise ukugeleza kwe-citrus. amahlamvu.I-Citrus Rutaceae.Uthanda isimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama, ukumelana nokubanda okuqinile.Izihlahla zezithelo ezihlala ziluhlaza ezishisayo nezishisayo.Ukukhula, ukukhula, ukuqhakaza kanye nezithelo kuhlobene eduze nezimo zemvelo ezifana nezinga lokushisa, ukukhanya kwelanga, umswakama, inhlabathi, umoya, ukuphakama, kanye nendawo.ezihlobene.I-Citrus isitshalo esine-semi-negative enezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokujwayela ukukhanya kwelanga.Amandla okukhanya yi-10000-40000 lx, futhi amahora okukhanya kwelanga wonyaka cishe amahora angu-1000-2700, angahlangabezana nezidingo zokukhula kwe-citrus.
3. Ukuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa Huanglongbing
Njengamanje, i-Huanglongbing isiphenduke isifo esiyingozi esithinta ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuhlelwa kwemboni ye-citrus yomhlaba wonke.ENingizimu China, ngaphambi kokuthi kwenziwe ukuthuthukiswa okusha kwezobuchwepheshe bokuvimbela nokulawula i-Huanglongbing, ukulawulwa kwama-psyllids kwase kube yisici esibalulekile ekulawuleni ukusabalala kwe-Huanglongbing, ethintwa yizici ezifana nokuthuthukiswa komnotho nezenhlalakahle zesifunda, ukuphathwa kwensimu yezithelo, isakhiwo kanye isakhiwo.Izinga labasebenzi basezindaweni zasemakhaya.I-Psyllid ukuphela kwevector yokudlulisela yemvelo ye-Huanglongbing, ngakho ukulawulwa kwe-psyllid kubaluleke kakhulu.I-citrus psyllid inezinga eliphezulu lokudluliswa kwezifo (izinga lokudluliselwa kwesifo se-psyllid eyodwa lingama-70% kuya ku-80%), linamandla okufuduka okunamandla kanye nekhono lokuzala ngokushesha, futhi alizwani nezinhlobonhlobo zezibulala-zinambuzane.enye yezindlela ezisebenzayo.
4. Vimbela ukwehla kwezithelo
Ehlobo eNingizimu yeShayina, izinhlekelele zezulu ezifana nemvula enamandla nezishingishane zenzeka njalo.Uma embozwe amanetha ezinambuzane, kunganciphisa ukwehla kwezithelo okubangelwa imvula enkulu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuwa kwezithelo.Umphumela wokuvimbela ukwehla kwezithelo usobala kakhulu.Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kuka-Fan Shulei et al.bonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kokumboza amanetha ezinambuzane kungakhuphula kakhulu izinga lezithelo ezithengiswayo futhi kunciphise kakhulu izinga lokwehla kwezithelo.
5, imakethe esezingeni eliphakeme, ukulondolozwa kwamawolintshi
Enetheni lokulawula izinambuzane, intwasahlobo izofudumala kusenesikhathi, i-phenotype yamawolintshi enkaba izoba yizinsuku ezi-5 kuye kweziyi-7 ngaphambili, futhi isithelo esisha sizoba yizinsuku eziyi-7 kuye kweziyi-10 ngaphambili, futhi inkathi ephezulu izonyakaziswa, engakhuphula izinga lokushisa. imali engenayo yabalimi bezithelo futhi adale inani eliphakeme.Ukumboza ngongqimba lwefilimu kungakhuphula izinga lokushisa eshede ngo-2 kuya ku-3 °C, kunwebe isikhathi sokuhlinzekwa kwezithelo ezintsha, kubone imakethe esezingeni eliphakeme, futhi kugweme ukulahlekelwa okungadingekile okubangelwa isikhathi esiphezulu.
6. Ukukhosela emoyeni nasemvuleni
Inetha elivikela izinambuzane linezikhala ezincane, amandla aphezulu okusebenza, nomthelela omuhle wesimo sezulu.Ekukhiqizeni, izinto zohlaka kanye nezihlahla zezithelo zivame ukuguguleka ngenxa yomoya omningi.Ukumboza amanetha ezinambuzane angama-25 kunganciphisa isivinini somoya ngo-15%~20%, futhi ukusebenzisa amameshi angama-30 kungehlisa isivinini somoya ngo-20%~25%.Isichotho kanye nemvula enamandla ehlobo kungabangela ukulimala kwemishini ezihlahleni zezithelo.Ukumboza inetha lezinambuzane kungavimbela isichotho ukuthi singabambi izihlahla zezithelo futhi kunciphise amandla eziphepho zemvula.